Xazulula Ukuvinjelwa Kokushisa Utshani: Yenza Ama-Briquette E-Rice Husk Esikhundleni Salokho

Ukushiswa kotshani bezolimo sekuyisikhathi eside kuyinkinga ephikisanayo emhlabeni wonke, okubangela ukungcoliswa okukhulu komoya, ukuwohloka komhlabathi kanye nezingozi empilweni. Ohulumeni sebebeke imithetho eqinile evimbela lokhu kushiswa, kodwa abalimi basabhekene nobunzima bokuthola ezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo nezinenzuzo ngokwezomnotho. Esinye sezixazululo esisanda kuqala ukwamukelwa kabanzi ukuguqula amakhoba erayisi — okuwumkhiqizo osala ngesikhathi sokugaywa kwerayisi — abe ama-briquette anobuningi obuphezulu. Lawa ma-briquette angasetshenziswa esikhundleni samalahle nezinkuni kumabhoyila ezimboni, eziko zasemakhaya naseziteshini zokuphehla ugesi, anikeze umthombo wamandla ohlanzekile futhi ovuselelekayo. Kulesi sihloko, sibheka ukuthi ama-briquette enziwe ngamakhoba erayisi angasiza kanjani ekubhekaneni ngempumelelo nemingcele yokushiswa kotshani, nokuthi ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile bokwenza ama-briquette be-ZYmining bungayenza kanjani le nguquko ibe yinto esebenzayo nenenzuzo.

Ukuqonda ukuvinjelwa kokushiswa kotshani: inselelo yomhlaba wonke

Ohulumeni e-Asia, eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika sebebeke imingcele eqinile ekushisweni kwezinsalela zezitshalo emasimini. Isibonelo, i-National Green Tribunal yaseNdiya kanye noMnyango Wezemvelo Nemvelo waseChina babeke izinhlawulo nezijeziso zomthetho kulabo abephula le mithetho. Isizathu sicacile: ukushiswa kukhipha izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu (PM2.5), i-carbon monoxide kanye nezinhlanganisela ezingadala umdlavuza, okungaba nomthelela ezifweni zokuphefumula nasekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu. Nokho, abalimi babhekene nenkinga: ukususa utshani kubiza kakhulu, kanti izindlela zendabuko zokubulahla, njengokubuphendulela emhlabathini ngokulima, zingandisa ukusabalala kwezinambuzane. Lokhu kudala isidingo esiphuthumayo sesixazululo esihambisana nemvelo futhi esiletha inzuzo yezomnotho.

Kungani ama-briquette amakhoba erayisi eyindlela ephumelelayo

Amakhoba erayisi, okuwumkhiqizo osele one-fiber omela cishe u-20% wesisindo serayisi elingakagaywa, akhiqizwa ngobuningi emhlabeni wonke. Esikhundleni sokuwashisa noma ukuwalahla, angacindezelwa enziwe ama-briquette anamandla aphezulu okushisa, ngokuvamile angu-3.500–4.200 kcal/kg. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokushiswa kotshani ngokuqondile, ukwenza ama-briquette ngamakhoba erayisi kunezinzuzo eziningana ezibalulekile:

• Ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa yintuthu: Ama-briquette ashisa ngokuphelele kakhulu ngaphansi kokulawulwa kokusha, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphe intuthu ebonakalayo kanye nokukhishwa kwezinto eziyingozi.
• Ubuningi bamandla obuphezulu: Amakhoba erayisi angakacutshungulwa athatha indawo enkulu (ubuningi obucishe bube ngu-100 kg/m³); ukwenza ama-briquette kukhuphula ubuningi bufike ku-600–800 kg/m³, kunciphise izindleko zokuthutha nokugcina.
• Ikhwalithi engaguquki: Ama-briquette anosayizi ofanayo kanye nomswakama ongaphansi kuka-10%, okuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kokushisa okuzinzile.
• Ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwezinsalela: Lokho okwakuyinkinga yokulahla manje kungaba umthombo wemali; umlotha okhiqizwa lapho ama-briquette eshiswa ungase usetshenziswe njengomthombo we-silica noma njengomanyolo.
• Ukuhambisana nemithetho yokuvimbela: Ukusebenzisa ama-briquette kuqeda isidingo sokushisa izinsalela zezolimo emasimini futhi kusize ukuhambisana nemithetho yezemvelo.

Izinzuzo zemvelo: umjikelezo kaphethiloli osimeme kakhulu

Ukwenza ama-briquette ngamakhoba erayisi kunganciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwamagesi phakathi nawo wonke umjikelezo wokuphila kukaphethiloli. Olunye ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukushintsha amalahle ngama-briquette amakhoba erayisi kunganciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 okuseleyo kuze kufike ku-90% ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ngoba i-carbon ekhishwa ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwe-biomass ingeyemvelo futhi iyingxenye yomjikelezo wemvelo we-carbon. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqubo igwema ukukhishwa kwe-methane okungavela uma amakhoba ebolile ezindaweni zokulahla imfucuza. Imishini ethuthukile yokwenza ama-briquette ye-ZYmining yakhelwe ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise nakakhulu umthelela omuhle kwezemvelo.

Izinzuzo zezomnotho kubalimi nakosomabhizinisi

Abalimi bangasebenzisa ama-briquette ngezidingo zabo zokushisa, banciphise izindleko zikaphethiloli, noma bawathengisele abasebenzisi bezimboni. Isidingo somhlaba wonke sama-briquette e-biomass siyakhula, ikakhulukazi ezimbonini zikasimende, zezitini nezendwangu ezifuna ukufeza imigomo yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi. Ngemishini esebenza kahle ngokwezindleko ye-ZYmining, njenge-screw press briquetter yochungechunge lwe-ZYM-500, ulayini wokukhiqiza omncane ungacubungula amathani angu-1–2 ngehora, futhi ungakhiqiza inzuzo yanyanga zonke engaba phakathi kuka-USD 5,000 no-USD 10,000, kuye ngezintengo zikaphethiloli zendawo. Izibonelelo zikahulumeni zamaphrojekthi wamandla avuselelekayo kwezinye izindawo zingase zihlanganise kuze kufike ku-30% wokutshalwa kwezimali, okunganciphisa isikhathi sokubuyiselwa kwemali sibe yizinyanga ezingu-8–12.

Ukukhiqizwa kwama-briquette amakhoba erayisi asezingeni eliphezulu kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-ZYmining

Inqubo ephumelelayo yokwenza ama-briquette idinga izigaba ezintathu ezibalulekile: ukulungiswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, ukucindezelwa kanye nokupholisa. I-ZYmining ihlinzeka ngezixazululo eziphelele ze-turnkey eziklanyelwe ukucubungula amakhoba erayisi:

1. Ukomisa: Amakhoba erayisi ngokuvamile anomswakama ophakathi kuka-25–40%. Ama-rotary dryer e-ZYmining anciphisa umswakama ube ngu-8–12%, okusiza ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka kwama-briquette.
2. Ukugaya nokulungiselela izinto: Nakuba amakhoba erayisi enesakhiwo esine-fiber ngokwemvelo, i-hammer mill isiza ukuqinisekisa usayizi wezinhlayiya ofanayo. Amanye amamodeli afaka uhlelo oludidiyelwe lokuxuba nama-binder, okuyinto engakhethwa; ama-hydraulic briquetter akamuva e-ZYmining angasebenza ngaphandle kwama-binder, kusetshenziswa ingcindezi ephezulu yokucindezela kuphela.
3. Ukwenza ama-briquette: Lesi yisigaba esiyinhloko senqubo. I-piston press noma i-screw extruder ye-ZYmining isebenzisa ingcindezi engu-150–200 MPa ukuze kwakheke ama-briquette ayindilinga anobuningi obuphezulu. Imishini yohlobo lwe-screw ingakhiqiza nama-briquette angenalutho phakathi, okusiza ukuthi ashise kahle kakhulu.
4. Ukupholisa nokupakisha: Ama-briquette aphuma emshinini ezingeni lokushisa elingu-60–80 °C. I-cooling conveyor ivimbela ukuguquka kwesimo sawo, bese imikhiqizo ipakishwa ezikhwameni noma igcinwe ngobuningi.

Imishini ye-ZYmining ifakwe ama-die e-alloy amelana nokuguga, anempilo yokusebenza engafinyelela emahoreni angu-3,000–5,000, okusiza ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuma ngenxa yokulungiswa kwemishini. Le nkampani iphinde inikeze ukuqapha okukude nokuqeqeshwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwemishini.

Ukusetshenziswa empilweni yangempela: izibonelo kanye nezinqubo ezinhle

EPunjab, eNdiya, iqembu elihlanganisa abalimi abangu-200 latshala imali embonini yokwenza ama-briquette ye-ZYmining enomthamo wokukhiqiza amathani angu-4 ngosuku. Ngokusebenzisa amakhoba erayisi aqoqwe ezigayweni zabo, bayeka ukuwashisa futhi bathengisa ama-briquette ezimbonini zezitini zendawo ngentengo engu-USD 80 ngethani. Kungakapheli unyaka, babuyise imali ababeyitshalile futhi badala amathuba emisebenzi angu-15. Ngokufanayo, eVietnam, isigayo serayisi esisezingeni eliphakathi sasebenzisa i-screw press ye-ZYmining ukukhiqiza ama-briquette azosetshenziswa kubhayila yaso yesitimu, sanciphisa izindleko zikaphethiloli ngo-40%. Lezi zibonelo zikhombisa ukuthi le nguquko ingenziwa ngokoqobo futhi ingadala izinzuzo zezomnotho.

Abalimi namabhizinisi abacabanga ukwenza lolu shintsho kufanele baqale ngocwaningo lokubheka ukuthi iphrojekthi iyenzeka yini ngokwezomnotho: bahlole ukutholakala kwamakhoba erayisi endaweni, izintengo zikaphethiloli kanye nokwesekwa yimithetho kahulumeni. I-ZYmining inikeza ukubonisana kwamahhala nokuhlolwa kwamasampula ukuze kutholakale imodeli yemishini efaneleka kakhulu ngokwezidingo ezithile.

Sengiphetha, ukuvinjelwa kokushiswa kotshani akudingeki kubhekwe njengomkhawulo kuphela, kodwa kungaba yithuba lokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsalela zezolimo. Ngokuguqula amakhoba erayisi abe ama-briquette, abalimi namabhizinisi bangaguqula izinsalela zibe uphethiloli onenani, ngesikhathi esifanayo banciphise isidingo sokushisa izinsalela zezolimo emasimini. Imishini ethuthukile ye-ZYmining yenza le nqubo isebenze kahle, ingabizi kakhulu futhi ikwazi ukukhuliswa ngokwesidingo sokukhiqiza. Ukulungiselela kusenesikhathi ngaphambi kwesizini elandelayo yokuvuna kungasiza amabhizinisi ukuthi ahlole ukutholakala kwezinto ezingavuthiwe futhi asungule ingqalasizinda yokukhiqiza efanele.