I Ultimate Guide to Briquetting Different Agricultural Wastes

Inqubo yokubopha imfucumfucu yezolimo ihlanganisa ukuhlanganisa izinto ze-biomass ezixegayo zibe amabhulokhi aminyene, aqinile abizwa ngokuthi ama-briquette. Lokhu akusizi kuphela ekulawuleni udoti kodwa futhi kuguqula imfucuza ibe umthombo wamafutha obalulekile. Uhlobo lwemfucuza yezolimo luthonya kakhulu inqubo ye-briquetting kanye nekhwalithi ye-briquettes ewumphumela.

I Ultimate Guide to Briquetting Different Agricultural Wastes

I. Isingeniso Se-Briquetting Imfucuza Yezolimo

Imfucumfucu yezolimo, ewumkhiqizo wemisebenzi yokulima, ihlanganisa inqwaba yezinto ezifana nezinsalela zezitshalo (utshani, izinhlanga, amakhoba), umquba wezilwane, kanye nemikhiqizo ekhiqizwayo (i-sawdust, i-bagasse). Nakuba ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengemfucuza, lezi zinto zicebile ngezinto eziphilayo futhi zinamandla amakhulu. I-Briquetting inikeza isisombululo esimeme ngokuthi:

Ukunciphisa Umthamo Wemfucuza: Ukuhlanganisa imfucuza kunciphisa kakhulu inqwaba yayo, okwenza ukugcinwa nokuthutha kusebenze kahle.

Ukudala Isibaseli Esivuselelekayo: Ama-briquette asebenza njengenye indlela enhle kakhulu kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, enikeza umthombo wamandla ohlanzekile futhi osebenza kahle kakhulu wokushisisa, ukupheka, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni.

Izinzuzo Zezomnotho: Ukwenza i-briquetting kungadala izindlela ezintsha zokuthola imali kubalimi nemiphakathi yasemakhaya.

Izinzuzo Zemvelo: Ukusebenzisa imfucuza yezolimo kunciphisa isidingo sokushiswa obala, ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa komoya kanye nokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa.

II. Izici Eziyinhloko Ezithonya I-Briquetting

Izinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zinquma impumelelo nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokubopha i-briquetting:

Okuqukethwe Umswakama: Lokhu mhlawumbe kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu. Imvamisa, umswakama osezingeni eliphezulu we-10-15% uyanconywa emfucumfucwini eminingi yezolimo. Umswakama ophezulu kakhulu uholela ku-briquettes ebuthakathaka, e-crumbly, kuyilapho ephansi kakhulu ingabangela ubunzima ekubopheni nasekugqokeni ngokweqile emshinini wokubopha.

Usayizi Wezinhlayiyana: Usayizi wezinhlayiyana olinganayo nofanelekile ubalulekile ukuze kuhlangane kahle futhi kuhlangane. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo kufanele zigaywe noma zisindwe zibe usayizi osuka ku-5-20 mm, kuye ngempahla kanye nomshini wokubopha.

Ama-agent Abophayo (Ongakukhetha): Nakuba imfucumfucu eminingi yezolimo ingafakwa ngaphandle kokubopha ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwe-lignin yemvelo, ezinye izinto zingase zizuze ekwengezweni kwezinto ezibophayo ezifana nesitashi, i-molasses, noma ubumba ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla e-briquette nokuqina. Kodwa-ke, ukungeza ama-binder kunganyusa izindleko futhi kunciphise amandla okuqukethwe.

Ingcindezi Nezinga Lokushisa: Ingcindezi ephezulu isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokubopha i-briquetting ukuze kuhlanganiswe okokusebenza futhi, kwezinye izinhlelo, ukushisa kuphinde kusetshenziswe ukuze kusebenze izibophezelo zemvelo (i-lignin) ngaphakathi kwe-biomass. Ingcindezi ethile kanye nezidingo zokushisa ziyahlukahluka kuye ngobuchwepheshe be-briquetting kanye nempahla eluhlaza.

Ukwakheka Kwezinto: Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi okuqukethwe kwe-lignin ne-cellulose, kuthinta izici ezibophayo kanye nenani lekhalori lama-briquette.

III. Imfucumfucu Yezolimo Evamile Ye-Briquetting kanye Nokucatshangelwa Okuqondile

Nakhu ukubheka okuningiliziwe kwemfucuza yezolimo ehlukahlukene kanye nokucatshangelwa kwayo okuqondile kokufakwa kwe-briquetting:

A. Cereal Straw (Ukolweni, Ilayisi, Ibhali, I-Corn Stover)

Izici: Kuningi, kune-fibrous, ukuminyana okuphansi.

Izinselele: Okuqukethwe kwe-silica okuphezulu kwezinye izitshani (ikakhulukazi utshani berayisi) kungaholela ekugugeni okukhulayo emishinini yokubopha. Ukwakheka okungajwayelekile kungenza ukudla kube nzima.

Ukulungiselela: Ukusika noma ukusika kube ubude obufanayo (isb., 10-30 mm) kubalulekile.

Okuqukethwe Umswakama: 10-15%.

I-Briquetting: Ngokuvamile ama-briquette ahamba kahle ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu.

Ikhwalithi ye-Briquette: Inani elihle le-calorific, kodwa okuqukethwe komlotha kungaba phezulu ngenxa ye-silica.

B. Amakhoba Elayisi

Izici: I-Abrasive, i-low bulk density, okuqukethwe kwe-silica ephezulu.

Izinselele: Okuqukethwe kwe-silica ephezulu kubangela ukuguga okubalulekile ekufekeni kwe-briquetting. Kungaba nzima ukuhlanganisa ngenxa yokushelela kwazo kwemvelo.

Ukulungiselela: Ngokuvamile kudinga ukugaya kube usayizi wezinhlayiyana ocolekile (isb., <5 mm) ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuminyana. Okunye ukuminyana kwangaphambili kungase kuzuzise.

Okuqukethwe Umswakama: 8-12% imvamisa ilungile ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezingokwemvelo.

I-Briquetting: Idinga ingcindezi ephezulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi amazinga okushisa aphezulu ukuze kuzuzwe ukubopha okuhle. Ingazuza kuma-binders noma ekuxubeni nezinye izinto.

Ikhwalithi ye-Briquette: Okuqukethwe komlotha okuphezulu (ikakhulukazi i-silica), kodwa kunikeza ukushisa okungaguquki. Isetshenziswa kaningi kumagesi ngenxa yezimpawu zayo zomlotha.

C. Isikhwama Somoba

Izici: I-fibrous, okuqukethwe komswakama ophezulu ekuqaleni, okuvame ukutholakala kalula lapho ushukela ugaywa khona.

Izinselele: Umswakama ophezulu wokuqala udinga ukomiswa okubalulekile.

Ukulungiselela: Ukomisa kubalulekile, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa ukushisa okuyimfucuza okuvela kushukela. Ukuhlikihla kungase kudingeke uma imicu mide kakhulu.

Okuqukethwe Umswakama: 10-15%.

I-Briquetting: I-Briquettes kahle kakhulu ngenxa yemvelo yayo ene-fibrous kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-lignin okuhle.

Ikhwalithi ye-Briquette: Inani eliphakeme le-calorific, izakhiwo ezinhle zokuvutha. Imvamisa isetshenziswa njengamafutha ezigayweni zikashukela ngokwazo.

D. I-Sawdust ne-Wood Shavings

Izici: Itholakala kalula ezimbonini zokucubungula izinkuni, inani elihle le-calorific, usayizi wezinhlayiyana ongaguquguquki.

Izinselele: Kungaba wuthuli; i-sawdust ecwebe kakhulu ingase idinge ukuminyanisa kancane noma ukuxutshwa nezinto ezimahhadla.

Ukulungiselela: Ukuhlola ukususa izinhlayiya ezinkulu noma izinto zangaphandle.

Okuqukethwe Umswakama: 8-12% ilungele izinto ezenziwe ngokhuni.

I-Briquetting: Impahla enhle kakhulu yokubopha i-briquetting, imvamisa ukwakha ama-briquette aminyene, aqinile ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-lignin.

Ikhwalithi ye-Briquette: Inani eliphakeme lekhalori, okuqukethwe komlotha okuphansi, okudumile njengesibaseli esishisayo.

E. Izihlanga zikakotini

Izici: Izingcezu ezinokhuni, ezine-fibrous, ezinkulu nezingajwayelekile.

Izinselele: Idinga ukucutshungulwa kwangaphambili okubalulekile (ukunqunywa/ukusika) ngenxa yemvelo yayo yokhuni nosayizi.

Ukulungiselela: Ama-shredders aqinile ayadingeka ukunciphisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana ku-10-25 mm.

Okuqukethwe Umswakama: 10-15%.

I-Briquetting: I-Briquettes kahle ngemva kokunciphisa usayizi ofanele.

Ikhwalithi ye-Briquette: Inani elihle le-calorific.

F. Amagobolondo Amantongomane (Amagobolondo Amakinati)

Izici: Ilula, i-fibrous, kulula ukuyicubungula.

Izinselele: Kungaba nkulu; kungase kudinge ukugaywa okuthile ukuze kuhlanganiswe kangcono.

Ukulungiselela: Ukugaya okulula noma ukuchotshozwa ukudiliza izingcezu ezinkulu.

Okuqukethwe Umswakama: 10-15%.

I-Briquetting: I-Briquettes kalula futhi ikhiqiza ama-briquette aminyene.

Ikhwalithi ye-Briquette: Inani elihle le-calorific, umlotha ophansi uma kuqhathaniswa.

G. Amakhoba Ekhofi/Isikhumba

Izici: I-Fibrous, usayizi wezinhlayiyana olinganayo.

Izinselele: Kungaba ne-abrasive kancane.

Ukulungiselela: Ukuhlola ukususa noma iyiphi into yangaphandle.

Okuqukethwe Umswakama: 10-15%.

I-Briquetting: Ama-briquettes kahle.

Ikhwalithi ye-Briquette: Inani elihle le-calorific, ukushiswa okungaguquki.

H. I-Coir Pith/Amakhoba Kakhukhunathi

Izici: I-fibrous ephezulu, ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuphezulu (i-coir pith), ingaba nkulu.

Izinselele: I-Coir pith idinga ukomiswa okubalulekile. Amakhoba kakhukhunathi adinga ukuhlakazwa okuqinile. Okuqukethwe kwe-lignin ephezulu kungaba yinzuzo ekubopheni.

Ukulungiselela: Ukomiswa ngokuphelele kwe-coir pith; ukusika amakhoba kakhukhunathi.

Okuqukethwe Umswakama: 10-15%.

I-Briquetting: Ama-briquettes ngempumelelo, akhiqiza ama-briquette aminyene futhi ahlala isikhathi eside.

Ikhwalithi ye-Briquette: Inani eliphakeme le-calorific, isikhathi eside sokuvutha.

I. Umquba Wezilwane (isb., Udoti Wenkukhu, Ubulongwe Benkomo)
Izici: Umswakama ophezulu, ocebile ngezakhi, ungaqukatha izinto zangaphandle.

Izinselele: Idinga ukomiswa okukhulu, ngokuvamile iphunga elibi ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa, okungaba khona umlotha omningi uma uxutshwe nomhlabathi/izingubo zokulala. Idinga ukuphathwa okuqondile kwenhlanzeko.

Ukulungiselela: Ukomisa kakhulu kubalulekile. Kungase kudinge ukuhlolwa ukuze kukhishwe izinto zangaphandle. Ukuhlanganisa nezinye izinto ezine-fibrous (isb., utshani, i-sawdust) kungathuthukisa ukubopha futhi kunciphise okuqukethwe komlotha.

Okuqukethwe Umswakama: 8-15%, ngokuvamile ekugcineni okuphansi ukuze kube nokuzinza okungcono.

I-Briquetting: Kungaba inselele ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kokwakheka kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaminerali. Ngokuvamile izinzuzo ngokuxuba nezinye biomass.

Ikhwalithi ye-Briquette: Ingasetshenziswa njengophethiloli, kodwa futhi ibalulekile njengomanyolo okhishwa kancane ngenxa yokuqukethwe izakhi.Umlotha ungasetshenziswa njengomanyolo.

IV. I-Briquetting Technologies

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ngokuyinhloko zobuchwepheshe be-briquetting:

Imishini Yokubopha Ngomshini (Uhlobo Lwenqama/Piston): Le mishini isebenzisa inqama eyimishini noma ipiston ukuze iminyanise i-biomass. Aqinile futhi angakwazi ukuphatha izinto ezihlukahlukene. Amanye amamodeli afaka i-elementi yokushisisa ezungeze idayi ukuze kusebenze i-lignin.

Imishini Yokufaka I-Hydraulic Briquetting: Lezi zisebenzisa ingcindezi ye-hydraulic ukucindezela impahla. Banikeza ukulawula okunembile phezu kwengcindezi futhi kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwevolumu ephansi noma izinhlobo ezithile zezinto.

I-Screw Press Briquetting Machines (Uhlobo Lwe-Extruder): Le mishini isebenzisa i-screw auger ukuze iminyanise futhi ikhiphe i-biomass ngefa elishisayo. Ukungqubuzana nokushisa okukhiqizwayo kwenza i-lignin isebenze, okuholela kumabrikhethi aminyene kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile angenalutho (ngenxa yesikulufu esimaphakathi). Lezi zisebenza kahle kakhulu ezintweni ezinokuqukethwe kwe-lignin okuhle.

V. Izinyathelo Zenqubo Yokubopha

Kungakhathalekile ukuthi imfucuza yezolimo, izinyathelo ezijwayelekile zokubopha i-briquetting yilezi:

Ukuqoqwa Nokugcinwa: Qoqa imfucuza yezolimo bese uyigcina endaweni eyomile ukuze uvimbele ukumuncwa nokonakala komswakama.

Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili (Ukuncishiswa kosayizi): Imfucuza eminingi yezolimo idinga ukucutshungulwa, iqoshwe, noma igaywe ibe usayizi wezinhlayiyana ezifanayo ezifanele umshini wokubopha.

Ukomisa: Uma umswakamo uphezulu kakhulu, izinto ezisetshenziswayo kufanele zomiswe zifike ezingeni elifanele (10-15%). Lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa okomisa ilanga, okomisa ama-rotary, noma ezinye izindlela zokumisa ezimbonini.

Ukuxuba (Ongakukhetha): Uma usebenzisa izibophezelo noma ukuhlanganisa izinto ezihlukene, lesi sinyathelo sibandakanya ukuxuba ngokuphelele izingxenye.

I-Briquetting: Impahla elungisiwe ifakwa emshinini we-briquetting, lapho ihlanganiswe ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukushisa ibe ama-briquette.

Ukupholisa Nokugcina: Ama-briquette kufanele avunyelwe ukuba aphole futhi aqine ngaphambi kokugcinwa. Gcina endaweni eyomile ukuze uvimbele ukumuncwa kabusha komswakama.

VI. Izicelo ze-Agricultural Waste Briquettes

Ama-briquette kadoti wezolimo angasetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza:

Ama-Industrial Boilers: Njengomthombo kaphethiloli wokukhiqiza isitimu ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene.

Ukushisa Kwezentengiselwano Nesikhungo: Okwamasistimu okushisa emahhotela, ezibhedlela, ezikoleni, njll.

Ukupheka Nokushisisa Kwasekhaya: Enye indlela eqhubekayo esikhundleni sezinkuni, amalahle, noma i-LPG ezindlini.

I-Gasification: Ama-briquette angasetshenziswa njenge-feedstock yama-gasifiers ukukhiqiza ama-syngas okukhiqiza ugesi.

Ukukhiqizwa Kwamalahle: Ama-briquette angafakwa ngekhabhoni ukuze akhiqize amalahle ekhwalithi ephezulu.

VII. Ukucatshangelwa Kwezomnotho Nemvelo

Ukuhlaziywa Kwenzuzo Yezindleko: Hlola izindleko zokuqoqa, ukucubungula, kanye ne-briquetting ngokumelene nevelu yemakethe yamabrikhethi kanye nezinzuzo zokunciphisa udoti.

Ukusimama: I-briquetting inomthelela emnothweni oyindilinga ngokuphendula imfucuza ibe yinsiza ebalulekile, ukunciphisa ukuthembela kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, kanye nokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.

I-Logistics: Cabangela ukuhleleka kokuthutha izinto zokusetshenziswa kumshini wokubopha amabrikhi kanye namabrikhethi aqediwe ukuyiswa emakethe.

VIII. Isiphetho

Imfucumfucu yezolimo eyibriquetting iveza isisombululo esisebenzayo nesiqhubekayo sokulawulwa kwemfucuza kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Ngokuqonda izici ezithile zemfucumfucu yezolimo ehlukahlukene kanye nokwandisa inqubo yokubopha i-briquetting, kungenzeka ukukhiqiza ama-briquette ekhwalithi ephezulu anikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile zezomnotho nezemvelo. Njengoba isidingo samandla esimeme sikhula, i-briquetting yemfucuza yezolimo isilungele ukudlala indima ebalulekile kakhulu kumasu omhlaba wamandla.